Os mesteirais e o poder concelhio nas cidades medievais portuguesas (séculos XIV e XV)

This paper aims to characterize the several ways of interaction between artisans and the municipal authorities in medieval Portuguese towns of the 14th and 15th centuries. The analysis focuses on the forms adopted by the artisans' relations with the municipal power, their modes of representation and the several ways in which craftsmen became associated, while at the same time addressing specific issues of contestation and resistance. The overarching goal of this paper is to shed some light on the construction of political power by artisan groups in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and more generally to trace an overall picture of medieval Portuguese towns, so that it primarily draws on a number of sources concerning several Portuguese cities, particularly Porto, Lisbon and Evora.Este articulo busca caracterizar las formas de interacción de los artesanos con las autoridades concejiles en las ciudades medievales portuguesas. Se presentan las formas de relación con el poder concejil, las modalidades de representación y las formas de asociación de los oficios, abordando así mismo las dimensiones de contestación y resistencia. Además, se pretende arrojar luz sobre la construcción del poder político de los artesanos. El trabajo busca trazar un cuadro global de las ciudades portuguesas de los siglos XIV y XV, por lo que se basa fundamentalmente en bibliografía sobre diferentes ciudades portuguesas, en particular Oporto, Lisboa y Evora

Systematic review and new insights into the molecular characterization of the Candida rugosa species complex

Recently, Candida rugosa was characterized as a species complex comprising four taxa: C rugosa sensu stricto, Candida pseudorugosa, Candida neorugosa and Candida mesorugosa. Although considered relatively rare, several clusters of candidemia due to C rugosa complex had been reported presenting mortality rates close to 70%. in this work we discuss the systematization, phenotyping and molecular methods based on internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequencing and proteomic analyses for species identification, as well as clinical aspects of the C rugosa complex. We performed a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using 72 ITS sequences representative of C rugosa complex isolates and related species within the genus. Biochemical, morphological and MALDI-TOF MS analyses were processed with C rugosa complex type strains and related species isolates. We described that the phylogeny showed four distinct clades inferred with high posterior probabilities, corresponding to the four species within the C. rugosa complex, excluding C. pararugosa. Biochemical and morphological aspects distinguished only C rugosa sensu strict but were not sufficient to accurately identify species within the rest of the complex. Protein spectrum profiles differentiated all reference strains from different species analyzed. To our knowledge, we presented the first phylogenetic analysis using a large collection of ITS sequences as well as proteomic profiles generated from isolates of the C rugosa complex and related species that can enlighten systematics, diagnostics and clinical research fields. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Disciplina Infectol, Lab Especial Micol, BR-04039032 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Disciplina Infectol, Lab Especial Micol, BR-04039032 São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2007/08575-1FAPESP: 2009/10155-6CAPES: PNPD 02640-09-0Web of Scienc

O couto de Santo Tirso nas cartas de couto de 1097 e 1098: os documentos e as características do espaço.

106 Jan.-Dez. 1996, p. 175-192

Comparação das capturas de Antaxius spinibrachius (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) em armadilhas iscadas com feromona sexual deThaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. e armadilhas sem feromona num povoamento de Pinus pinaster Ait. em Varge (Bragança)

Os predadores da processionária do pinheiro (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.) contribuem para a regulação das suas populações em todas as fases do seu desenvolvimento. Algumas espécies da família Tettigonidae são, segundo a bibliografia, os principais responsáveis pela predação de ovos desta praga desfolhadora

Boron adsorption in lowland soils from southern of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adsorção de B em quatro solos de várzea da região de Lavras, MG, por meio dos parâmetros das isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich, no período de outubro a novembro de 1998. Amostraram-se solos Aluvial, Glei Pouco Húmico, Glei Húmico, e Orgânico artificialmente drenado, coletados na camada de 0-20 cm e peneirados para 2 mm. Amostras com e sem calagem foram incubadas durante 30 dias. Duplicatas de 4,0 g de solo de cada classe foram acondicionadas em tubos de polietileno com oito diferentes doses de B (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 e 32 mg mL-1) preparadas em CaCl2.2H2O 0,01 mol L-1, com ácido bórico como fonte. Os teores de B na solução de equilíbrio foram determinados pelo método da Azometina-H. Os resultados mostraram que alto teor de matéria orgânica confere ao solo Glei Húmico maior capacidade de adsorver boro. A matéria orgânica, a superfície específica, caulinita e alumínio trocável foram os atributos dos solos que se correlacionaram diretamente com a capacidade máxima de adsorção de B (CMAB). A calagem proporcionou diminuição da CMAB em todos os solos.The objective of this study was to evaluate the B adsorption capacity in four lowland soils from Lavras, MG, Brazil, through Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm parameters. This study was conducted throughout October and November, 1998. Samples of Alluvial Soil, Low-Humic Gley, Humic Gley and artificially drained Bog Soil were collected in 0-20 cm of profundity and sieved to 2 mm. Samples with or without liming application were incubated during 30 days. Duplicates of 4.0 g soil samples, conditioned in polyethylene tubes, received eight doses of B (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 and 32 mg mL-1) prepared with 20 mL CaCl2.2H2O 0.01 mol L-1 solution, using boric acid. The amount of B in the balance solution was measured through the Azomethine-H method. The high organic matter content in Humic Gley soil provided higher B adsorption capacity. The adsorption was highly correlated with organic matter, specific surface area, kaolinite, and exchangeable aluminum. Lime application provided decrease in B adsorption capacity for all soils

A highly scalable parallel implementation of H.264

Developing parallel applications that can harness and efficiently use future many-core architectures is the key challenge for scalable computing systems. We contribute to this challenge by presenting a parallel implementation of H.264 that scales to a large number of cores. The algorithm exploits the fact that independent macroblocks (MBs) can be processed in parallel, but whereas a previous approach exploits only intra-frame MB-level parallelism, our algorithm exploits intra-frame as well as inter-frame MB-level parallelism. It is based on the observation that inter-frame dependencies have a limited spatial range. The algorithm has been implemented on a many-core architecture consisting of NXP TriMedia TM3270 embedded processors. This required to develop a subscription mechanism, where MBs are subscribed to the kick-off lists associated with the reference MBs. Extensive simulation results show that the implementation scales very well, achieving a speedup of more than 54 on a 64-core processor, in which case the previous approach achieves a speedup of only 23. Potential drawbacks of the 3D-Wave strategy are that the memory requirements increase since there can be many frames in flight, and that the frame latency might increase. Scheduling policies to address these drawbacks are also presented. The results show that these policies combat memory and latency issues with a negligible effect on the performance scalability. Results analyzing the impact of the memory latency, L1 cache size, and the synchronization and thread management overhead are also presented. Finally, we present performance requirements for entropy (CABAC) decoding. This work was performed while the fourth author was with NXP Semiconductors.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Calidad de vida relacionada a la salud de los hijos de profesionales del área de salud

In this study, we measured the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and fatigue of the children of health professionals, aged between two and eleven years, and assessed the daytime and sleep habits of these children and their parents. The study included children from a public school. Data regarding demographics and daily habits were collected. The HRQOL, sleep habits and fatigue were measured using questionnaires. A total of 249 parents participated - 63.5% reported getting an adequate amount of sleep, while 47.4% woke up feeling tired. The children's mean age was 5.6 years - 62.2% watched television in their rooms, 50% used the computer (> 4 hours/day) and 27.8% engaged in extracurricular physical exercise. The sleep score was 45.8 ± 12.2. The HRQOL scores were higher in the physical and lower in the emotional aspects. We found that poorer sleep on the part of both children and parents may be related to the children's lower HRQOL. We conclude that the inadequate habits of parents as well as children, are related to a decrease in HRQOL, particularly regarding the emotional aspect.Se mensuró la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (QVRS), fatiga y se evaluaron hábitos diarios y de sueño de hijos de profesionales del área de salud, con entre 2 y 11 años de edad, y sus padres. Recolectados datos demográficos y de hábitos diarios. La QVRS, sueño y fatiga se midieron mediante cuestionarios. Participaron 249 padres, 63,5% refirió sueño adecuado, 47,4% despertaba cansado. Media etaria de niños de 5,6 años; 62,2% veían televisión en su cuarto, 50% utilizaba computador (>4 horas diarias), 27,8% realizaba actividad física extracurricular. Su puntaje de sueño fue 45,8 ± 12,2. Puntajes de QVRS más elevados en aspecto físico y menores en aspecto emocional. El sueño de peor calidad de padres e hijos puede relacionarse con peor QVRS de los hijos. Concluimos en que los hábitos inadecuados de padres e hijos se relacionan con una disminución de la QVRS de los hijos, particularmente en el aspecto emocional.Neste estudo mensuramos a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) e a fadiga de filhos de profissionais da área da saúde, com idades entre 2 e 11 anos, e avaliamos os hábitos diários e o sono dessas crianças e dos respectivos pais. Foram incluídas no estudo crianças de uma escola pública. Dados demográficos e dados de hábitos diários foram colhidos. A QVRS, o sono e a fadiga foram mensurados por questionários. Participaram 249 pais - 63,5% referiram sono adequado e 47,4% acordavam cansados. A média da idade das crianças foi 5,6 anos - 62,2% assistiam televisão no quarto, 50% usavam computador (> 4 horas/dia) e 27,8% faziam atividades físicas extracurriculares. O escore do sono foi de 45,8 ± 12,2. Os escores de QVRS foram mais elevados no aspecto físico e mais baixos no emocional. Detectamos que o sono de pior qualidade dos filhos e dos pais pode estar relacionado à pior QVRS dos filhos. Concluímos que os hábitos inadequados dos pais, bem como das crianças, estão relacionados a uma diminuição da QVRS dos filhos, especialmente no aspecto emocional.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PediatriaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PediatriaSciEL

Parallel scalability of video decoders

An important question is whether emerging and future applications exhibit sufficient parallelism, in particular thread-level parallelism, to exploit the large numbers of cores future chip multiprocessors (CMPs) are expected to contain. As a case study we investigate the parallelism available in video decoders, an important application domain now and in the future. Specifically, we analyze the parallel scalability of the H.264 decoding process. First we discuss the data structures and dependencies of H.264 and show what types of parallelism it allows to be exploited. We also show that previously proposed parallelization strategies such as slice-level, frame-level, and intra-frame macroblock (MB) level parallelism, are not sufficiently scalable. Based on the observation that inter-frame dependencies have a limited spatial range we propose a new parallelization strategy, called Dynamic 3D-Wave. It allows certain MBs of consecutive frames to be decoded in parallel. Using this new strategy we analyze the limits to the available MB-level parallelism in H.264. Using real movie sequences we find a maximum MB parallelism ranging from 4000 to 7000. We also perform a case study to assess the practical value and possibilities of a highly parallelized H.264 application. The results show that H.264 exhibits sufficient parallelism to efficiently exploit the capabilities of future manycore CMPs.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The SARC architecture

The SARC architecture is composed of multiple processor types and a set of user-managed direct memory access (DMA) engines that let the runtime scheduler overlap data transfer and computation. The runtime system automatically allocates tasks on the heterogeneous cores and schedules the data transfers through the DMA engines. SARC's programming model supports various highly parallel applications, with matching support from specialized accelerator processors.Postprint (published version